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On 22 October police arrested Luisa González, a two-time Ecuadorean presidential candidate and leading figure in the left-wing opposition Revolución Ciudadana (RC), on suspicion of money laundering. Analysis: González was arrested as part of the ‘Laberinto’ probe into the financing of her 2023 election campaign, in which she lost to President Daniel Noboa.
On 21 October Brazilian presidential candidate Flávio Bolsonaro (Partido Liberal, PL) said he would disclose some of his financial and telephone records if his election rival, President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (Partido dos Trabalhadores, PT), agreed to disclose records of government advisers and figures from his inner circle. Analysis: Bolsonaro’s announcement comes as the final stages of campaigning ahead of the 25 October run-off have seen both candidates trade corruption accusations, with Lula ramping up his rhetoric on corruption and promising to disclose his own financial records in a bid to pressure Bolsonaro to do the same.
On 19 October Carlos Ruiz Massieu, the head of the United Nations (UN) Integrated Office in Haiti (Binuh), expressed “deep concern” at a day-earlier gang attack in Haiti on Salvadorean members of the UN-authorised Gang Suppression Force (GSF). Analysis: Ruiz, who was speaking during a UN Security Council (UNSC) meeting on Haiti, was responding to an attack which took place in Croix-des-Bouquets, a Port-au-Prince commune, in which the armoured vehicle of four Salvadorean aviation technicians, who managed to flee but remain missing, was targeted with gunfire and explosives and set alight.
On 16 October Chile’s President José Antonio Kast made the first state visit to Bolivia by a Chilean president in 71 years and held discussions with President Rodrigo Paz aimed at overcoming the decades-old tensions between the neighbouring countries. Analysis: The last state visit by a Chilean president was in 1955, and in the seven decades since then bilateral relations have been dominated by an impasse over Bolivia’s demand for the restoration of sea access that it lost in the War of the Pacific (1879-1884).
On 15 October Argentina’s President Javier Milei claimed during a visit to the US that his government’s economic model was nothing short of “a miracle”, expressing confidence that voters would re-elect him in presidential elections next October. Analysis: As President Milei was extolling his administration’s economic achievements, tens of thousands of students, teachers, and trade unionists staged a major protest in Buenos Aires and other large cities against his government’s harsh austerity measures.
On 14 October anti-government protests were held in cities across Colombia, marking the first major pushback against President Abelardo de la Espriella since he took office in August. Analysis: De la Espriella is committed to undoing the left-wing pivot which took place under his predecessor, Gustavo Petro (2022-2026).
On 13 October Brazilian presidential candidate, Senator Flávio Bolsonaro (Partido Liberal, PL), sought to boost his popularity by expressing support for legislation to shorten the maximum working week, a reform backed by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and which Bolsonaro has previously criticised. Analysis: Bolsonaro’s change of stance on the labour reform proposal, which pollsters have shown to be a popular initiative, come as he is seeking to shore up support and prevent Lula from gaining ground ahead of the presidential run-off vote on 25 October.
On 12 October Bolivia’s interim Attorney General José Armando Urioste announced that prosecutors have begun gathering evidence of possible “crimes against humanity” by former president Evo Morales (2006-2019). Analysis: Morales, who for the last two years has been holed up in his political stronghold of Chapare, Cochabamba department, under the protection of his coca union Seis Federaciones del Trópico de Cochabamba, is under mounting legal threat.
On 11 October the head of Brazil’s superior electoral court (TSE), Kássio Nunes Marques, ordered the suspension of a WhatsApp channel of supporters of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, prompting accusations of electoral meddling.  Analysis:  Brazil’s presidential campaign is heating up with just two weeks to go until the 25 October run-off vote between Lula (Partido dos Trabalhadores, PT) and Senator Flávio Bolsonaro (Partido Liberal, PL), the eldest son of imprisoned former president Jair Bolsonaro (2019-2023).
On 8 October the US Department of Justice issued a superseding indictment which accused Venezuela’s former president Nicolás Maduro (2013-2026) and his wife, Cilia Flores, of conspiracy to commit torture, in addition to pre-existing drugs and weapons-related charges. Analysis: The criminal case against Maduro and Flores has now been widened to encompass the brutal repression that they are accused of presiding over, in addition to the previous charges which revolved around their alleged involvement in drug trafficking.
On 7 October US broadcaster CNN reported that New York prosecutors are preparing to charge Venezuela’s former president Nicolás Maduro (2013-2026) and his wife, Cilia Flores, with torture in addition to the drug trafficking and weapons charges that they already face. Analysis: The torture charges would reportedly relate to US citizens who were detained in Venezuela during Maduro’s presidency.
On 6 October Brazilian conservative parties Progressistas (PP) and União Brasil (União) announced they would back the presidential bid of Senator Flávio Bolsonaro (Partido Liberal, PL), whose candidacy has also been bolstered by recent declarations of support from other right-wing figures. Analysis: Bolsonaro’s campaign is gaining more momentum with the support of two prominent parties associated with the so-called ‘centrão’, the loose grouping of centrist and right-of-centre parties that have traditionally dominated congress.
On 5 October Brazilian senator Flávio Bolsonaro received a boost when right-wing candidates who did not advance past the first-round vote, Romeu Zema and Ronaldo Caiado, promised to support his presidential bid. Analysis: Bolsonaro will be in an even stronger position to defeat President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in the second round on 25 October with conservative parties coalescing behind him.
On 1 October the office of Brazil’s solicitor general (AGU), the federal government’s legal counsel, called for an investigation into alleged funding from the government of US President Donald Trump aimed at undermining Brazil’s supreme court (STF). Analysis: The AGU’s request, which was based on a report released the previous day by UK newspaper The Guardian, comes three days before Brazil heads to the polls to elect the president; two thirds of the 81-member senate; all 513 members of the federal lower chamber; all 27 governors; and the state legislatures.
On 30 September Bolivia’s attorney general’s office denounced the arrest of Attorney General Roger Mariaca, who had been accused by the US two days earlier of taking bribes from drug traffickers. Analysis: According to local press reports, Mariaca was arrested yesterday alongside the top prosecutor in Santa Cruz department, Alberto Zeballos, at Santa Cruz’s Viru Viru international airport.