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Security & Strategic Review - July 2026
VENEZUELA: The gangs in the way of a mining boom
One glaring problem following the mining reform that was promulgated by President Delcy Rodríguez on 16 April is the fact that much of Venezuela’s mineral wealth is in areas under the sway of illegal armed groups. These groups, ranging from Colombian guerrilla forces such as the Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN) to Venezuelan organised crime groups known as ‘sindicatos’, have established a wide-ranging presence in Bolívar state, which is home to Venezuela’s richest mineral reserves and extends from the Colombian border in the west to the Guyanese border in the east.
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