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Constitutional Reform

Introduction

From the mid-1990s to the present – a period of three decades – there has been almost constant constitutional change in Latin America. Some of that has involved what can be called big ticket changes: the drafting and approval of entire new constitutions through the election of constituent assemblies, the holding of referenda, and the mobilisation of special congressional majorities. Time and effort have also gone into much more piecemeal changes – the bit-by-bit amendment of constitutional clauses through congressional votes. Most major recent government reforms in areas such as pensions, energy policy, crime and criminal justice, as well as others, have all required constitutional amendments.

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